Budget Variance Analysis

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from matplotlib.patches import Patch

# Budget variance (in thousands)
categories = ['Original\nBudget', 'Revenue\nOverperform', 'Cost\nSavings', 'Scope\nChanges', 
              'Delays', 'Currency\nImpact', 'Contingency\nUsed', 'Final\nActual']
values = [0, 45, 28, -35, -22, -8, -15, 0]

# Calculate running total
initial = 500
running_total = initial
bottoms = []
heights = []
colors = []

for i, (cat, val) in enumerate(zip(categories, values)):
    if cat == 'Original\nBudget':
        bottoms.append(0)
        heights.append(initial)
        colors.append('#3b82f6')
    elif cat == 'Final\nActual':
        bottoms.append(0)
        heights.append(running_total)
        colors.append('#22c55e' if running_total <= initial else '#ef4444')
    elif val > 0:
        bottoms.append(running_total)
        heights.append(val)
        colors.append('#22c55e')
        running_total += val
    else:
        bottoms.append(running_total + val)
        heights.append(abs(val))
        colors.append('#ef4444')
        running_total += val

# Create figure with light theme
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(14, 8), facecolor='#ffffff')
ax.set_facecolor('#ffffff')

x = np.arange(len(categories))
bars = ax.bar(x, heights, bottom=bottoms, color=colors, width=0.65, edgecolor='#e5e7eb', linewidth=1)

# Add value labels
for i, (bar, val, bot, height) in enumerate(zip(bars, values, bottoms, heights)):
    y_pos = bot + height / 2
    if categories[i] in ['Original\nBudget', 'Final\nActual']:
        label = f"${height}K"
        ax.text(bar.get_x() + bar.get_width()/2, y_pos, label, 
                ha='center', va='center', fontsize=10, fontweight='bold', color='white')
    else:
        label = f"+${val}K" if val > 0 else f"-${abs(val)}K"
        ax.text(bar.get_x() + bar.get_width()/2, y_pos, label, 
                ha='center', va='center', fontsize=9, fontweight='bold', color='white')

# Connect bars
for i in range(len(x) - 1):
    if i == 0:
        y = initial
    else:
        y = bottoms[i] + heights[i]
    ax.plot([x[i] + 0.35, x[i+1] - 0.35], [y, y], 
            color='#9ca3af', linestyle='--', linewidth=1.5, alpha=0.7)

# Styling
ax.set_xlim(-0.6, len(categories) - 0.4)
ax.set_ylim(0, max(bottoms[i] + heights[i] for i in range(len(heights))) * 1.1)
ax.set_xticks(x)
ax.set_xticklabels(categories, fontsize=9, color='#374151')
ax.set_ylabel('Budget ($ Thousands)', fontsize=12, color='#374151', fontweight='500')
ax.set_title('Project Budget Variance Analysis', fontsize=16, color='#111827', fontweight='bold', pad=20)

ax.tick_params(axis='y', colors='#374151', labelsize=10)
ax.yaxis.grid(True, linestyle='--', alpha=0.4, color='#e5e7eb')
ax.set_axisbelow(True)

for spine in ax.spines.values():
    spine.set_color('#d1d5db')

# Legend outside plot
legend_elements = [
    Patch(facecolor='#3b82f6', label='Original Budget'),
    Patch(facecolor='#22c55e', label='Favorable Variance'),
    Patch(facecolor='#ef4444', label='Unfavorable Variance'),
    Patch(facecolor='#22c55e', edgecolor='#166534', linewidth=2, label='Final Actual')
]
ax.legend(handles=legend_elements, loc='upper left', bbox_to_anchor=(0, -0.12), 
          ncol=4, fontsize=9, facecolor='white', edgecolor='#d1d5db', labelcolor='#374151')

plt.tight_layout()
plt.subplots_adjust(bottom=0.18)
plt.show()